Abstract: This paper starts from the analysis of the reasons affecting the safety of coal resources, expounds the six major factors affecting the safety of coal resources, including politics, economy, technology and transportation,etc. The paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the present situation of the safety of coal resources in China, including the distribution, reserve and exploration of coal resources, the total amount and composition of coal resources, and production capacity. Through the analysis of the current security situation, the paper puts forward seven major problems existing in China's coal resources security, and finally puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of coal resources security, so as to provide a certain reference for macro-control of the national or local coal industry.